This research question explores organizational accountability for target costing from both a functional and a team perspective. First, is there any function within the organization that has been assigned or has taken primary responsibility for the target costing process within the organization? The question considers who provides leadership and direction, as well as who reports results to top management. This does not mean that others are not held accountable, but instead it examines which function or functions mentioned are most closely identified with target costing within the organization. Providing direction and leadership is a role that is recognized, often formally, by others within the organization. Given that this study was conducted from the perspective of the supply management function, it is not surprising that several of the organizations studied indicated that supply management has primary accountability for target costing execution and results in the organization (see Fig. 8). Target costing is not institutionalized among the three organizations in which supply management has sole primary accountability and non-traditional or modified approaches to target costing