Study 19: Processing instruction
In 1993, VanPatten and Cadierno investigated the effects of guided exposure to form on language performance among the adult learners of Spanish. In this study, learners’ attention was directed to how language forms were used to express certain meanings (processing instruction). This study showed that learners who received comprehension-based processing instruction performed better in both comprehension and production tasks.
When I become a teacher, I can employ some principles of this proposal. For example, I can use some techniques from Total Physical Response approach in my class while teaching the subject of classroom instructions, some action verbs and some kind of vocabulary. I think this can be very useful for especially beginners and the students at elementary level. Also, by doing so many listening activities, I can help my students to improve their listening comprehension. I can use enhance input while teaching some grammatical points to draw learners’ attention to the features in the target language. Furthermore, I believe that graded readers can be useful for my students in terms of their vocabulary growth. By reading, they can encounter a variety of new vocabulary and figure out the meaning of the words.
However, I am aware of the fact that I can not teach some points to my student without explicit knowledge. They can not learn the language effectively just by listening and reading. Therefore, explicit knowledge about forms of the language can be necessary for their learning.
3. LET’S TALK
In this proposal, the emphasis is on the meaningful interaction and this proposal supports the interactionism. It gives importance of access to both comprehensible input and conversational interactions with teachers and other students. According to this view, when learners engage in interaction, they have access to meaningful and comprehensible input and negotiate for meaning to arrive at mutual understanding. Through negotiation, language learners can acquire the language forms more naturally. As the focus is on the meaning, grammar mistakes can be tolerated. Students can ask and answer genuine questions. Pair and group work are also important in this view. With the help of this proposal we can create task-based and meaning-based classrooms.
Study 20: Learners talking to learners
Michael Long and Patricia Porter examined the language produced by adult learners performing a task in pairs in 1985 and they concluded that though learners’ language can not be purely grammatical, they can still benefit from each other as this kind of interaction enables genuine communicative practice.
Study 19: Processing instruction
In 1993, VanPatten and Cadierno investigated the effects of guided exposure to form on language performance among the adult learners of Spanish. In this study, learners’ attention was directed to how language forms were used to express certain meanings (processing instruction). This study showed that learners who received comprehension-based processing instruction performed better in both comprehension and production tasks.
When I become a teacher, I can employ some principles of this proposal. For example, I can use some techniques from Total Physical Response approach in my class while teaching the subject of classroom instructions, some action verbs and some kind of vocabulary. I think this can be very useful for especially beginners and the students at elementary level. Also, by doing so many listening activities, I can help my students to improve their listening comprehension. I can use enhance input while teaching some grammatical points to draw learners’ attention to the features in the target language. Furthermore, I believe that graded readers can be useful for my students in terms of their vocabulary growth. By reading, they can encounter a variety of new vocabulary and figure out the meaning of the words.
However, I am aware of the fact that I can not teach some points to my student without explicit knowledge. They can not learn the language effectively just by listening and reading. Therefore, explicit knowledge about forms of the language can be necessary for their learning.
3. LET’S TALK
In this proposal, the emphasis is on the meaningful interaction and this proposal supports the interactionism. It gives importance of access to both comprehensible input and conversational interactions with teachers and other students. According to this view, when learners engage in interaction, they have access to meaningful and comprehensible input and negotiate for meaning to arrive at mutual understanding. Through negotiation, language learners can acquire the language forms more naturally. As the focus is on the meaning, grammar mistakes can be tolerated. Students can ask and answer genuine questions. Pair and group work are also important in this view. With the help of this proposal we can create task-based and meaning-based classrooms.
Study 20: Learners talking to learners
Michael Long and Patricia Porter examined the language produced by adult learners performing a task in pairs in 1985 and they concluded that though learners’ language can not be purely grammatical, they can still benefit from each other as this kind of interaction enables genuine communicative practice.
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