Outcome measures
Height was measured at baseline. Weight was measured
at all visits; with participants wearing light clothing
and no shoes. Blood pressure was measured at baseline
and at 4 month intervals. Renal function was measured
directly by 99mTcediethylenetriamine-pentraacetic acid
(99mTceDTPA) at baseline and at the end of the study.
Fasting blood samples for fasting blood glucose (FBG),
HbA1c, serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride),
and 24 h urine samples for albumin excretion
rate (AER), albumin to creatinine ratio (alb/cr) and urine
urea collected at baseline and at 4 month intervals. All
samples were analysed at a commercial laboratory in
Adelaide (IMVS).
Acronyms
CHO carbohydrate
BMI body mass index
TC total cholesterol
HDL high density lipoproteins
LDL low density lipoproteins
TG triglycerides
VLDL very low density lipoproteins
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
iGFR isotope GFR
HPD high protein diet
SPD standard protein diet
TE total energy
AER albumin excretion rate
alb/cr albumin to creatinine ratio
FBG fasting blood glucose
%T > 10 percentage blood glucose above 10 mmol/l
Gmax peak blood glucose
AUC area under the curve
ANCOVAanalysis of covariance
SEM standard error of the mean
DXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
FM fat mass
LBM lean body mass
SBP systolic blood pressure
DBP diastolic blood pressure
CVD cardiovascular disease