Completing this quick review of Athens during Turkish rule, it is worth devoting a few words to the walls of the city. Coming into existence in the 5th century BC, the City of Athens, in the course of its long history, was surrounding in different periods by walls, whose exact location has been determined by historical and archeological research. The Themistoclean wall of 478 BC was supplemented by the so-called “Diateichisma” around 310 BCE and, subsequently, by the wall of Hadrian from 125-135 AD. Inside this wall the so-called Late Roman wall was raised, between 276 and 282 AD, followed by the so-called Rizokastro during the 12th century. These two internal surrounding walls constituted, in essence, the Frankish-occupied city, while the external walls were abandoned and, by degrees, fell into ruin. From the 15th to the 18th centuries, the City did not have walls, except for the Rizokastro south of the Akropolis. In the other areas, the fences around house and enclosing fields formed a kind of protective barrier, like those of the main towns (“Chora”) of certain Aegean islands. Nonetheless, to fend off the Albanian raiders, an improvised wall was built in 1778, during the time of Voevoda Hatzi Ali Haseki.