Matter and Energy Transformations
1. Plants make their food by the process of photosynthesis. Using light energy, green plants convert water and carbon dioxide into energy-rich simple sugars and oxygen. Sugar is the source of food used by most plants, and ultimately, by all other consumers. Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is required for the survival of most plants and animals.
2. All living things obtain energy from food. Energy is needed for living cells to carry out all the processes of life such as growing, disposing of wastes, making new cells, and using food.
Evolution
1. Natural selection is the process by which some individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and produce greater numbers of offspring than other organisms of the same species. Conditions in the environment can affect which individuals survive in order to reproduce and pass their traits on to future generations. Small differences between parents and offspring accumulate over many generations and ultimately new species may arise