Many governments and businesses have genuinely embraced environmental concern; however, some are ineffective, some hijack environmental concern for their own ends, and others ignore environmental issues for ‘strategic’ reasons. Societies, governance and law have to evolve to support environmental management. Some optimistic forecasts assume progress towards less damaging habits will be adequate; others are more pessimistic and, perhaps realistically, reckon it is likely there will be ‘business-as-usual’ scenarios. Those seeking to manage the environment thus have many challenges.