Cholera itself is not lethal, but the breakdown of medical treatment systems in large outbreaks can result in many deaths from dehydration, hypovolemia (loss of body fluid), and shock. Fluid loss can be as much as 5-10 L/day, and IV fluids used to replenish fluids cam be in short supply. The incubation period varies from 12 to 72 h, depending on the dose of ingested organisms. An infections dose is greater than 108 organisms to a healthy individual through ingestion. Treatment involves antibiotic and IV fluid therapy using tetracycline (500 mg every 6 h for 3 days). Doxycycline (300 mg once, or 100 mg every 12 h 3 days) ,IV solutions of 3.5 g NaCI, 2.5 g NAHCO3, 1..5 g KCI, and 20 g glucose/L are also appropriate treatments. Cholera shows a significant resistance to tetracycline and polymyxin antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin (500 mg every 12 h for 3 days) or erythromycin (500 mg every6 h for 3 days) can be used as substitute. A vaccine is available for prevention; however, it has not proven very effective. It offers only 50% protection for period of up to 6 months.