The benefits can be the ability to arouse emotions, escape from a normal daily schedule, enjoying displays of skill and social interaction. Conversely, the event participant will need to give up a cash sum, put aside the time to get to and from the event and watch it, exert effort at the event, or experience discomfort at the event through the physical setup or enforced rules. To put this in context, going to a football skills match, spectators get to interact with fellow supporters, singing and cheering on their team. At the same time, they can watch football skills. For a few hours they are able to escape and take their mind off other problems. However, at the same time, they pay for the ticket and spend time getting to and from the football stadium. They need to applaud when everyone else does and are directed to join queues for refreshments and toilets. Some may be a fan of one of the football teams or individual football players or be there only to enjoy the atmosphere. These factors can have different effects on the participants’ response to the marketing message.
This drive to satisfy needs has been summarized by Maslow (1954) in his ‘hierarchy of needs’ theory, where there is a progression of human needs (Figure 9.3). Basic needs such as food, safety and security must be satisfied before social needs. Taking part in or attending an event can represent a mixture of these. At a cultural or arts festival, the participant may aspire to know more about the local culture, its meaning and development (self-actualisation need). Competing in a race, the participant can receive recognition (esteem need). Supporting a national or local team with other fans can give a sense of belonging and nationalistic pride (social need).
The benefits can be the ability to arouse emotions, escape from a normal daily schedule, enjoying displays of skill and social interaction. Conversely, the event participant will need to give up a cash sum, put aside the time to get to and from the event and watch it, exert effort at the event, or experience discomfort at the event through the physical setup or enforced rules. To put this in context, going to a football skills match, spectators get to interact with fellow supporters, singing and cheering on their team. At the same time, they can watch football skills. For a few hours they are able to escape and take their mind off other problems. However, at the same time, they pay for the ticket and spend time getting to and from the football stadium. They need to applaud when everyone else does and are directed to join queues for refreshments and toilets. Some may be a fan of one of the football teams or individual football players or be there only to enjoy the atmosphere. These factors can have different effects on the participants’ response to the marketing message. This drive to satisfy needs has been summarized by Maslow (1954) in his ‘hierarchy of needs’ theory, where there is a progression of human needs (Figure 9.3). Basic needs such as food, safety and security must be satisfied before social needs. Taking part in or attending an event can represent a mixture of these. At a cultural or arts festival, the participant may aspire to know more about the local culture, its meaning and development (self-actualisation need). Competing in a race, the participant can receive recognition (esteem need). Supporting a national or local team with other fans can give a sense of belonging and nationalistic pride (social need).
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