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Sociology Themes and perspectives h draws on the deals of Durkheim which Bella in believes that in modern societies civil rituals such Memorial essentially similar to religious ones heir public affirmation of shared cultural to beliefs, Bellah religion an es for conduct which are expressed general guide n a variety norms, By general principles and moral beliefs, religion helps to provide the which Parsons believes is necessary consensus w describe the rituals, symbols d language used by the an state, which is often religious in nature and which seeks to promote homogeneous or uniform order and stability in society Religion helps human beings to deal with two types societies. The first problem problems that occur in a culture and identity. It includes the symbolism o images which express values that are integral to society, such as the Statue of Liberty. Such symbols are d' to a nation in much the same way as such religion Sacred s the inability to control misfortunes and unpleasant, frightening tragic events such as death accidents. Parsons sees religion as a mechanism for adjustmen events and as a means of restoring the normal pattern of The second problem area is that of religious symbols as the cross are sacred to Christians. In bolts are often closely as so humanity's inability to uncertainty. An example is the United States these sym national occasions, ciated h Christianity, so that on predict or control the effect of weather upon culture. Parsons argues that religion provides a means such as the inauguration of a new government or the of adjusting and coming to terms with such situations celebration of a national holiday, public figures through rituals which promote self-confidence. In this use them to convey their image of an ideal American way religion maintains social stability by allaying the society "united under God'. The phrase Tn God we is inscribed the American currency and then and frustration which could disrupt order (937; 1964). pledge of allegiance describes America as "one nation Social life is full of contradictions which threaten the ace on life. Parsons argues that under God'. In these ways, God is linked with notions meanings that people pl with the greatness of liberty and democracy, and one of the major functions of religion is to make sense America, Civil religion functions as a form of nation of experience. Religion answers questions human building. It conveys an image of a nation whose beings have about human existence and their placc diverse pulation is united under a single cultural within the cosmos. This function of religion is umbrella (Bellah 1967; 1975) n relation to the frustrations arly importan religion point out that pt of Critics of the conce hich threaten to beliefs referred to above, w public forms of religious expression are not a f life and so make human exist bout the meaning meaningless. Why should a premature death uniform but express a range of images of American society. They also point out that if religion does occur? It is not something people expect to happen or exist it has not succeeded in unifying American feel ought to happen. Religion makes sense of these events by fitting them into an integrated and consist society, which remains deeply divided. Nonetheless, other writers have applied the theory outside tent pattern of meaning. This allows intellectual and On general level, this American society emotional adjustment. mo adjustment promotes order and stability in society Freeland ture and symbolism of the Australian War Memorial (1965a, pp. 88-92) s religious in nature and represents the celebration of CIVIL RELIGION a civic culture based on the sacrifices made by the One of the main criticisms of functionalist theories of Anzacs. The Anzac cult itself is seen by Freeland as a religion has been their view of religion as essentially element of Australia's image of itself as an central uniform. Functionalists such as Parsons write as independent and heroic nation. He points out that whereas American civil religion remains linked to there is only one set of religious prevailing in society at any time. Multicultural societies such as Protestantism, this is not true of Australian Australia, Europe and Asia are characterised by a plu gion. The Anzac celebrations have little or no disunc ively Christian teaching or symbolism, and the clergy rality of religions which exist alongside one another. Religious differences are now the norm rather th do not usually participate in the services. He the exception. Nonetheless, the functionalist writer that Australian civil religion differs from its American Robert Bellah argues that this religious pluralism is largely independent of the coexists with a form of public religion which dogmas and attitudes of any particular segment of it and helps to integrate the nation the Australian religious spectrum' 113.
6Sociology Themes and perspectives h draws on the deals of Durkheim which Bella in believes that in modern societies civil rituals such Memorial essentially similar to religious ones heir public affirmation of shared cultural to beliefs, Bellah religion an es for conduct which are expressed general guide n a variety norms, By general principles and moral beliefs, religion helps to provide the which Parsons believes is necessary consensus w describe the rituals, symbols d language used by the an state, which is often religious in nature and which seeks to promote homogeneous or uniform order and stability in society Religion helps human beings to deal with two types societies. The first problem problems that occur in a culture and identity. It includes the symbolism o images which express values that are integral to society, such as the Statue of Liberty. Such symbols are d' to a nation in much the same way as such religion Sacred s the inability to control misfortunes and unpleasant, frightening tragic events such as death accidents. Parsons sees religion as a mechanism for adjustmen events and as a means of restoring the normal pattern of The second problem area is that of religious symbols as the cross are sacred to Christians. In bolts are often closely as so humanity's inability to uncertainty. An example is the United States these sym national occasions, ciated h Christianity, so that on predict or control the effect of weather upon culture. Parsons argues that religion provides a means such as the inauguration of a new government or the of adjusting and coming to terms with such situations celebration of a national holiday, public figures through rituals which promote self-confidence. In this use them to convey their image of an ideal American way religion maintains social stability by allaying the society "united under God'. The phrase Tn God we is inscribed the American currency and then and frustration which could disrupt order (937; 1964). pledge of allegiance describes America as "one nation Social life is full of contradictions which threaten the ace on life. Parsons argues that under God'. In these ways, God is linked with notions meanings that people pl with the greatness of liberty and democracy, and one of the major functions of religion is to make sense America, Civil religion functions as a form of nation of experience. Religion answers questions human building. It conveys an image of a nation whose beings have about human existence and their placc diverse pulation is united under a single cultural within the cosmos. This function of religion is umbrella (Bellah 1967; 1975) n relation to the frustrations arly importan religion point out that pt of Critics of the conce hich threaten to beliefs referred to above, w public forms of religious expression are not a f life and so make human exist bout the meaning meaningless. Why should a premature death uniform but express a range of images of American society. They also point out that if religion does occur? It is not something people expect to happen or exist it has not succeeded in unifying American feel ought to happen. Religion makes sense of these events by fitting them into an integrated and consist society, which remains deeply divided. Nonetheless, other writers have applied the theory outside tent pattern of meaning. This allows intellectual and On general level, this American society emotional adjustment. mo adjustment promotes order and stability in society Freeland ture and symbolism of the Australian War Memorial (1965a, pp. 88-92) s religious in nature and represents the celebration of CIVIL RELIGION a civic culture based on the sacrifices made by the One of the main criticisms of functionalist theories of Anzacs. The Anzac cult itself is seen by Freeland as a religion has been their view of religion as essentially element of Australia's image of itself as an central uniform. Functionalists such as Parsons write as independent and heroic nation. He points out that whereas American civil religion remains linked to there is only one set of religious prevailing in society at any time. Multicultural societies such as Protestantism, this is not true of Australian Australia, Europe and Asia are characterised by a plu gion. The Anzac celebrations have little or no disunc ively Christian teaching or symbolism, and the clergy rality of religions which exist alongside one another. Religious differences are now the norm rather th do not usually participate in the services. He the exception. Nonetheless, the functionalist writer that Australian civil religion differs from its American Robert Bellah argues that this religious pluralism is largely independent of the coexists with a form of public religion which dogmas and attitudes of any particular segment of it and helps to integrate the nation the Australian religious spectrum' 113.
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