RESULTS
Thirty-six participants (22 women and 14 men) completed the study. There was no significant difference in BMI (P = 0.29) on the meal test days (Table 1). Similarly, no significant differences were observed for fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.42), serum insulin (P = 0.42), serum C-peptide, and EE (P = 0.30) before the consumption of the 3 meals (as shown in Table 1 and as time zero in Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4).
Although the iAUC for plasma glucose was 10% lower after consumption of the CAB and the CAC meals than after that of the BAB meal (Figure 2), no statistically significant differences be- tween the 3 meals were shown (P = 0.065). There was no dif- ference in the peak glucose response or time response on the 3 meals (Table 2). Maximum increases in insulin concentration and iAUC for serum insulin (Figure 3) were heterogeneous (P =
0.0008) after the 3 meals: these measures were 36% and 32% lower, respectively, after consumption of the CAC meal than after that of the BAB meal (P < 0.001 for both). The maximum increases in insulin concentration and iAUC for serum insulin after the CAB meal were in between but closer to those with the CAC meal than with the BAB meal. The maximum increases in insulin concentration and iAUC for serum insulin after the CAB meal were 15% (P = 0.074) and 17% (P = 0.072) lower, respec- tively, than after the BAB meal. The maximum increases in insulin concentration and iAUC for serum insulin after the CAC meal were 24% (P = 0.24) and 18% (P = 0.52) lower, respec- tively, than after the CAB meal. The maximum increases in C-peptide concentration and iAUC for C-peptide were not sig- nificantly different between the 3 meals (Table 2). There was no significant difference (P = 0.1) in EE (Figure 4) or in the respi- ratory quotient between the 3 meals (Table 2).
We hypothesized that there might be a difference in the mea- sured variables between those with different BMIs. To confirm this hypothesis, general linear modeling and postestimation het- erogeneity testing between meals was conducted for the mea- sured variables after the whole group was separated into 2 groups