Note: RR = relative risk; CI = confidence interval; DNQ = did not qualify to attend a summer program;
QNA = qualified, but chose not to attend a summer program; TIP = attended a Duke TIP (Talent Identification
Program) summer program. All tests had one degree of freedom.
aAbility compares QNA and DNQ students only (RRs equal probability of QNA to participate as DNQ).
bAttendance compares TIP and QNA students only (RRs equal probability of TIP participating compared
with QNA).
cSex compares females and males (RRs equal probability of females participating compared with males).
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.