Tactile illusions on the surface of the skin have been well understood
and several tools are available to draw tactile strokes on a
grid of sparse vibrating actuators (e.g. [Israr and Poupyrev 2011]).
Our research explores the use of two small vibrating actuators on
the hands to create out of body illusions by holding a physical
device, and mid-air illusions through hand-worn gloves. In our
studies, we determined physical parameters that precisely control
the size, speed, direction and location of these “intermanual” illusions
in a variety of gestures. We have also examined tactile-visual
multimodal effects in order to deliver a precise and coherent multisensory
experience to users [Zhao et al. 2015] (also see supplementary
material for details).