In traditional Operations Research(OR),operations are often rated and optimized upon a small set of parameters only–
sometimes only one single parameter.This results however in non-optimal system behaviour. Consider the example of
empty-kilometer minimization.This optimization often results in trucks standing still,waiting for a next order (preferably
with a starting point equal to the place of waiting).Trucks do not anticipate on the next order (in a more fruitful region).
Often waiting time does cost money as well –the driver needs to be paid and the truck could have been utilized for other
purposes.Reviewingsingle optimization parameterscan hardlybe seen separate from other indicators,asthe following
indicates: Let usconsider an LSPthat hasa truckdrivingaroundwithonlyone small package –so,it usesonly5% ofits
carriage capacity–utilizinga veryinefficient route,withlotsofdetours.It ishowever not drivingaroundempty–sofrom
an empty-milesperspective thistruckoperatesveryeffective.Althoughwe dorealize that the truckcouldhave carriedmore
cargo,andthe route it tookcouldhave been more efficient.However,we donot know yet whether the customer isactually
payingfor thistrip –because ifso,noLSPwouldmindtohave a truckdrivingaroundvia an inefficient route,withonly
little cargoaslongasthe customer ispayinga goodprice.