Conclusions
The agglomerated catalysts can be considered interesting catalysts for conversion of jatropha oil into biofuels. Hydrocracking reaction based on HZSM-5 zeolite support catalyst achieved greater than 90% conversion of jatropha oil. The NiMo HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited higher liquid fuels formation more than other catalyst. The incorporation of Ni and Mo into HZSM-5 zeoilte catalyst and agglomeration highly promoted liquid fuels production by hydrocracking reaction.
We reported the distribution of hydrocarbon in liquid fuels using difference catalysts. The modifications of ZSM-5 supported catalyst have strong influent on hydrocarbon distribution in liquid fuels. The HZSM-5 catalysts selective to product hydrocarbon in diesel range. Gasoline and kerosene high formation when agglomerated catalysts were used. The NiMo HZSM-5 catalyst promoted diesel formation by hydrodeoxygenation reaction for powder catalysts case. In contrast, agglomerated NiMo HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited highest gasoline formation greater than diesel and kerosene. Diesel shifted toward gasoline and kerosene by secondary cracking reaction due to hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of Ni metal site.
The agglomeration of ZSM-5 catalysts using bentonite as a binding agent provided high shape stability in hydrocracking reaction, more attrition resistant particles and good stability in long time. The thermal treatment gave the possibility for regeneration of catalysts after hydrocracking reaction. So, agglomeration of ZSM-5 catalysts led to the reduce cost of catalyst for biofuels production and applied to industrial scale.