Discussion
The finding in this study indicates there was a significant difference in the learning outcomes of
participants in face-to-face instruction and control groups. This indicates that face-to-face instructional
strategy could be effective as a strategy in library use instruction of students with hearing impairment. It is
important to note that students in the face-to-face instruction group were communicated with through a
sign language interpreter during the treatment sessions. This may imply that the group was
communicated with in their ‗natural‘ language. It could therefore be concluded that face-to-face
instructional strategy could be effective in library use instruction for persons with hearing impairment
especially when it is accompanied with sign language. This finding supports Olson and Platt (1992) as
well as Keller (2005) who identified face to face instruction as one of the alternative instructional practices
effective for working with students with special needs. It also corroborates finding of various studies by
Aarnoutse (1997), Brooks, Hamann and Vetter (1997), and Duvall, Miller, Miller and Till man (1997) who
found face-to-face instructional strategy effective. This study also supports the report of a study by Tarver
and Western (2001) involving a comparison of students taught according to the different models with a
control group and with one another. Analyses of data collected showed that the face-to-face instruction
model produced the highest student outcomes. This study also corroborates the study by Churckovich
and Oughtred (2002) that compared the effect of direct or face-to-face and on-line instruction in library
use and found that students with face-to-face instruction gained higher post-test mean scores and felt
more confident about their library use skill than those in the on-line tutorial session.
It is evident from the rejection of Hypothesis two that there was a significant difference in the
learning outcomes of participants exposed to captioned video instruction and the control group. suggests that captioned video on its own, is effective in library use instruction of students with hearing
impairment. This corroborates the findings of studies by Hairston (1994) and Withrow (1994), which found
captioned video helpful in classroom instruction of both young and adult persons with hearing impairment.
It further supports the report by Harkins (2000) on the potential for teacher-made captioned materials in
vocabulary development among children with deafness. Specifically, this finding corroborates studies by
Austin (1981) and Messelheiser (1996), which found captioned video instructional mode useful in
teaching library use skills. It also supports reports of success by Nikami (1993), Shiba (1993) and Tunley
(1995) which indicated video packages developed by some libraries in Japan and Manchester mainly for
user education. It further corroborates reports by Lornzeen (2002) that a study of students who watched
the library instruction video titled The Big-Time Library Show produced by Michigan State University to
teach basic concepts about the campus library system showed it was largely successful.
Discussion
The finding in this study indicates there was a significant difference in the learning outcomes of
participants in face-to-face instruction and control groups. This indicates that face-to-face instructional
strategy could be effective as a strategy in library use instruction of students with hearing impairment. It is
important to note that students in the face-to-face instruction group were communicated with through a
sign language interpreter during the treatment sessions. This may imply that the group was
communicated with in their ‗natural‘ language. It could therefore be concluded that face-to-face
instructional strategy could be effective in library use instruction for persons with hearing impairment
especially when it is accompanied with sign language. This finding supports Olson and Platt (1992) as
well as Keller (2005) who identified face to face instruction as one of the alternative instructional practices
effective for working with students with special needs. It also corroborates finding of various studies by
Aarnoutse (1997), Brooks, Hamann and Vetter (1997), and Duvall, Miller, Miller and Till man (1997) who
found face-to-face instructional strategy effective. This study also supports the report of a study by Tarver
and Western (2001) involving a comparison of students taught according to the different models with a
control group and with one another. Analyses of data collected showed that the face-to-face instruction
model produced the highest student outcomes. This study also corroborates the study by Churckovich
and Oughtred (2002) that compared the effect of direct or face-to-face and on-line instruction in library
use and found that students with face-to-face instruction gained higher post-test mean scores and felt
more confident about their library use skill than those in the on-line tutorial session.
It is evident from the rejection of Hypothesis two that there was a significant difference in the
learning outcomes of participants exposed to captioned video instruction and the control group. suggests that captioned video on its own, is effective in library use instruction of students with hearing
impairment. This corroborates the findings of studies by Hairston (1994) and Withrow (1994), which found
captioned video helpful in classroom instruction of both young and adult persons with hearing impairment.
It further supports the report by Harkins (2000) on the potential for teacher-made captioned materials in
vocabulary development among children with deafness. Specifically, this finding corroborates studies by
Austin (1981) and Messelheiser (1996), which found captioned video instructional mode useful in
teaching library use skills. It also supports reports of success by Nikami (1993), Shiba (1993) and Tunley
(1995) which indicated video packages developed by some libraries in Japan and Manchester mainly for
user education. It further corroborates reports by Lornzeen (2002) that a study of students who watched
the library instruction video titled The Big-Time Library Show produced by Michigan State University to
teach basic concepts about the campus library system showed it was largely successful.
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