The compositions of EFBs and alkali-pretreated EFBs were
determined by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
chemical analysis and testing laboratory procedures (LAPs) of the
US Department of Energy (DOE). Glucose, xylose, acetic acid, and
ethanol were analyzed by HPLC with a YL 9170 refractive index
detector (Young-Lin, Republic of Korea) and a Rezex ROA-Organic
Acid Hþ column (7.8 300 mm, Phenomenex, USA) at 65 C. The
mobile phase was 2.5 mM sulfuric acid and the flow rate was
0.5 mL/min. Ethanol yield was calculated as the percentage of the