It is well recognised that institutional investors are the major players in corporate governance mechanisms. However, the effects of institutional shareholdings on firm performance can be either positive or negative. Pound (1988) proposes that institutional investors that own larger equity stakes have greater incentives to monitor managers’ behaviours. Further, they can do so at costs lower than that incurred by individual investors. Hence, the monitoring hypothesis predicts a positive relationship between institutional ownership and firm performance. On the other hand, institutional investors may be inactive, or conspire with managers to expropriate corporate resources at the expense of minority shareholders.