The audit opinion is currently the auditor's only direct communication with shareholders
about the audit process and its outcome.22 GC modified audit opinions communicate the auditor’s evaluation of whether
there is substantial doubt about the client's ability to continue as a going concern.23 Managers have incentives to pressure
auditors to issue clean opinions because GCs impose costs on the client. Succumbing to this pressure impairs auditor independence, thus reducing audit quality.24 GC opinions are used to capture audit quality in a variety of settings,
particularly in tests of perceived threats to audit quality, such as those potentially posed by NAS, client size, and auditor
tenure. GCs are also used in tests of whether audit quality is associated with litigation risk, and Big N office size.
The audit opinion is currently the auditor's only direct communication with shareholdersabout the audit process and its outcome.22 GC modified audit opinions communicate the auditor’s evaluation of whetherthere is substantial doubt about the client's ability to continue as a going concern.23 Managers have incentives to pressureauditors to issue clean opinions because GCs impose costs on the client. Succumbing to this pressure impairs auditor independence, thus reducing audit quality.24 GC opinions are used to capture audit quality in a variety of settings,particularly in tests of perceived threats to audit quality, such as those potentially posed by NAS, client size, and auditortenure. GCs are also used in tests of whether audit quality is associated with litigation risk, and Big N office size.
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