The TBARS assay was modified from that of Witte et al. (1970) and was performed for each meat sample in triplicate; 10 g of freeze-dried meat were homogenized for 30 s at high speed with
20 mL of 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) using a Polytron tissue homogenizer (Type PT 10-35; Kinematica GmbH, Luzern, Switzerland).