7.3.1.1. A catalyst for reshaping urban spatial devel-
opment. When considering the potential impact of
HSR at the urban scale in China, the peripheral
locations of Chinese HSR stations is a key characteristic
to account for. Wang (2011b) compared the distance
between new HSR stations and city centres (he used the
location of the city government as a reference) of all the
23 new HSR stations in 22 cities along the Beijing–
Shanghai HSR corridor. Distances are large. The
shortest distance is 3.3 km in Langfang. The longest
distance is 24 km in Suzhou. Furthermore, there is no
clear relationship between the distance and city size.
The distance is not shorter in small cities or longer in big
cities or vice versa (Wang, 2011b). We have also
analyzed the HSR station locations in the Yangzi Delta
region. As with the Beijing–Shanghai corridor, most of
the new HSR stations in the Yangzi Delta region are
located on the outskirts of the city (Fig. 8).
Several factors explain the choice of peripheral
locations. First, city governments wanting to develop
new towns used HSR as a catalyst and made profits from
selling the land. Second, city governments did not want
the station to be located in developed areas because of
the high costs. Third, traditional railway stations had the
image of a poor surrounding environment. Accordingly,
city governments were afraid of a negative effect of
stations in those areas and did not want to construct
them in the city centre. Fourth, technical and
engineering reasons were also important in some
locations. The Ministry of Railways has overriding
power on deciding the location of new HSR stations and
it bases its decisions on considerations at the network
level (e.g. overall shortest travel times) rather than the
urban area level (e.g. potential for synergy with urban
development – see definition and discussion in Section
3.2). The local government would have to accept
decisions that might be inappropriate from a local
standpoint (Wang, 2011a).
The peripheral location of HSR stations confronts
Chinese cities with both opportunities and challenges
The new (peripheral) stations provide an opportunity to
reduce the spatial disorder and sprawl that has affected
China’s cities by providing development foci. They also
have the potential to change the manner of urban
expansion. Already, some Transit-Oriented Develop-
ment (TOD) (Bertolini, 2010) strategies have been
applied around the areas that surround the HSR stations,
most of which are located on the outskirts of the main
cities. The new peripheral HSR station gives planners
an opportunity to upgrade the fringe areas and integrate
them into the city, particularly in the present phase of
rapid urbanization and urban transformation.
In China, industrial zones still tend to dominate
peripheral areas – these are zones that have played an
important role in urban economic growth. In Nanjing, for
instance, the output of manufacturing in the suburbs
accounted for 30.84% of the whole city’s GDP in 2009.
However lack of public facilities and a poor environment
has made these areas unattractive places to live. Most
people want to live in the central areas of the city. As of
the year 2007, the population density in central Nanjing is
12,790 people/km2, while in the suburbs it is under
2000 people/km2 (NUPB: Nanjing Urban Planning
Bureau, 2010). The development of the area around
the HSR station in Nanjing aims to build a new city
centre. It will create an opportunity to boost the
attractiveness of the peripheral area and strengthen the
polycentric urban form. The new peripheral HSR station
also provides a catalyst for reshaping the urban image.
Traditionally, in China, the railway station was a chaotic,
dirty and crowded environment. Few people wanted to go
to the area around the station unless it was by train. Now,
the area around the station is regarded as a gateway to the
city. The scenic axis in front of the station, the modern
architecture style and other aspects can help reshape the
urban image (Fig. 9).
Even though the peripheral location of stations
provides many possibilities for the future development
of the urban structure of Chinese cites, it is also a big
challenge, especially for medium and small cities. First,
the long distance from and poor connectivity with the
city centre will influence the development of the new
central business district (CBD) or town as shown by the
international experience discussed in the literature. A
second issue stems from the question if a HSR station,
alone, is enough to support the development of a new
CBD or town; as documented in the literature we
reviewed, international experiences suggest it is
obviously not. The poor environment of the urban
fringe, the absence of other transport links, and the lack
of other facilities for residents and businesses in the
area, among other factors, will pose immense challenges
for using the new peripheral HSR locations as a
catalyst for suburban development.
7.3.1.1. A catalyst for reshaping urban spatial devel-
opment. When considering the potential impact of
HSR at the urban scale in China, the peripheral
locations of Chinese HSR stations is a key characteristic
to account for. Wang (2011b) compared the distance
between new HSR stations and city centres (he used the
location of the city government as a reference) of all the
ใหม่สถานี HSR 23 ใน 22 เมืองปักกิ่ง –เซี่ยงไฮ้ HSR
ตามทางเดิน ระยะทางขนาดใหญ่
ระยะทางที่สั้นที่สุดคือ 3.3 km ใน Langfang . ระยะทางที่ยาวที่สุด
24 km ในซูโจว นอกจากนี้ , มี
เคลียร์ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างระยะทางและขนาดของเมือง
ระยะทางไม่ใช่สั้นหรือยาว ในเมืองเล็ก ๆในเมืองใหญ่
หรือในทางกลับกัน ( วัง 2011b ) เรายังมี
analyzed the HSR station locations in the Yangzi Delta
region. As with the Beijing–Shanghai corridor, most of
the new HSR stations in the Yangzi Delta region are
located on the outskirts of the city (Fig. 8).
Several factors explain the choice of peripheral
locations. First, city governments wanting to develop
new towns used HSR as a catalyst and made profits from
selling the land. Second, city governments did not want
the station to be located in developed areas because of
the high costs. Third, traditional railway stations had the
image of a poor surrounding environment. Accordingly,
city governments were afraid of a negative effect of
stations in those areas and did not want to construct
them in the city centre. Fourth, technical and
เหตุผลที่วิศวกรรมยังสำคัญในบาง
สถานที่ กระทรวงรถไฟมีอำนาจในการตัดสินใจแทน
สถานี HSR สถานที่ใหม่และเป็นฐานของการตัดสินใจในการพิจารณาในระดับเครือข่าย ( เช่นโดยรวมที่สั้นที่สุด
เดินทางครั้ง ) มากกว่าระดับเขตเมือง ( ศักยภาพเช่น synergy กับ–การพัฒนาเมือง
ดูความหมายและการอภิปรายในมาตรา
3.2 ) The local government would have to accept
decisions that might be inappropriate from a local
standpoint (Wang, 2011a).
The peripheral location of HSR stations confronts
Chinese cities with both opportunities and challenges
The new (peripheral) stations provide an opportunity to
reduce the spatial disorder and sprawl that has affected
China’s cities by providing development foci. They also
have the potential to change the manner of urban
expansion. Already, some Transit-Oriented Develop-
ment (TOD) (Bertolini, 2010) strategies have been
applied around the areas that surround the HSR stations,
most of which are located on the outskirts of the main
cities. The new peripheral HSR station gives planners
an opportunity to upgrade the fringe areas and integrate
them into the city, particularly in the present phase of
rapid urbanization and urban transformation.
In China, industrial zones still tend to dominate
peripheral areas – these are zones that have played an
important role in urban economic growth. In Nanjing, for
instance, the output of manufacturing in the suburbs
accounted for 30.84% of the whole city’s GDP in 2009.
However lack of public facilities and a poor environment
has made these areas unattractive places to live. Most
people want to live in the central areas of the city. As of
the year 2007, the population density in central Nanjing is
12,790 people/km2, while in the suburbs it is under
2000 people/km2 (NUPB: Nanjing Urban Planning
Bureau, 2010). The development of the area around
ที่สถานี HSR ในหนานจิง มีเป้าหมายที่จะสร้างศูนย์กลางเมือง
ใหม่ จะสร้างโอกาสในการเพิ่มความน่าดึงดูดใจของพื้นที่รอบนอก
รูปแบบและเสริมสร้างเมืองโพลีเซนตริก .
สถานี HSR อุปกรณ์ต่อพ่วงใหม่ยังมีตัวปรับภาพเมือง
ผ้าในประเทศจีน สถานีรถไฟเป็นอลหม่าน
สกปรกและแออัด สภาพแวดล้อม บางคนอยากไป
to the area around the station unless it was by train. Now,
the area around the station is regarded as a gateway to the
city. The scenic axis in front of the station, the modern
architecture style and other aspects can help reshape the
urban image (Fig. 9).
Even though the peripheral location of stations
provides many possibilities for the future development
โครงสร้างของเมืองของเมืองจีน มันยังเป็นความท้าทายใหญ่
, โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งสำหรับเมืองขนาดกลาง และขนาดเล็ก แรก
ทางไกลจากการเชื่อมต่อไม่ดีกับศูนย์
เมืองจะมีอิทธิพลต่อการพัฒนาใหม่
เขตศูนย์กลางธุรกิจ ( CBD ) หรือเมืองที่แสดงโดย
ประสบการณ์ระหว่างประเทศกล่าวถึงในวรรณคดี เป็นปัญหาที่สองเกิดจากคำถาม
ถ้าสถานี HSR , คนเดียว is enough to support the development of a new
CBD or town; as documented in the literature we
reviewed, international experiences suggest it is
obviously not. The poor environment of the urban
fringe, the absence of other transport links, and the lack
of other facilities for residents and businesses in the
area, among other factors, will pose immense challenges
สำหรับใช้พ่วง HSR สถานที่ใหม่เป็น
ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาสำหรับการพัฒนาย่านชานเมือง
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
