he key message is that what we know about effective instruction in general is the foundation of effective instruction for English learners of all ages. “Generic” effective instruction, however, is probably not sufficient to promote accelerated learning among ELs, although it is almost certainly a necessary base. While we have some intriguing clues about what else is needed to make programs effective for English learners (as described in the articles on pages 4 and 13 of this issue), there is little certainty about how to incorporate these supports into programs that optimize developmental outcomes for DLLs