Due to the higher alkalinity and mineral deposition on shrimps in
the bore well fed pond, which contributing lower productivity, the low
growth rate, and the low survival rate of L. vannamei in the bore wellfed pond. The growth rate was higher in brackish water fed and bore
well-reservoir fed pond. Chanratchakool stated that the pond alkalinity
above 150 ppm coupled with pH levels above 8.3 lead to the deposition
of calcium on the exoskeleton [15]. But in the case of the present
study was described the mineral deposited cased the shrimp’s growth,
biomass and mortality rate of the same ponds. Corbari et al. studied
that these shrimp are exposed to mineral laden water and bacteria
associated with iron oxide deposits have been described on their
branchial chambers [20]. Previously Gopalakrishnan et al. documented
that nutrient deposition in shrimp reared under aquaculture conditions
is very limited [5]. However when the bore-well water was used, the
mineral deposition was noticed on the farm implements like aerators,PVC pipes, electric wires, concrete structures (like sluices) and on the
shrimps. Chanratchakool, explained that the mineral deposition made
the shrimp’s shells rough (rough shell disease), stunted the growth of
the shrimp and caused more mortality resulting in less survival rate
[15]. Gopalakrishnan et al. documented that SEM images of mineral
deposition as a thin layer on the antenna and the inner side of the gill
lamellae, multiple layers which fractured vertically while processing
shows an undisturbed layer of mineral deposits from the carapace
and the ovoid crystal is approximately 8-12 nm in diameter and is
composed of short rods in the P. monodon [21].