In contrast, the use of professionally administered topical fluorides is not common in the low- and lower-middle-income
Asian countries (Table 2). Silver fluoride solution is hardly ever used in these countries. In Bhutan, India, Laos, and Myanmar, fluoride varnish or gel application is available only in some private dental clinics. The situation is similar in Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal, and the Philippines, where topical fluoride application is performed only in private dental clinics. In Cambodia, fluoride varnish, gel, and solution are mainly brought in by non-governmental organizations and used in their dental clinics or services for children.