Pesticide use in chili production was markedly lower than in tomato production, but the great majority of farmers mixed various pesticides in single sprays. Of the Vietnamese chili farmers who encountered virus-like disease symptoms, 74% used fungicides,which indicates a need for training. In Tamil Nadu, this was 46%,while only a few Thai farmers used fungicides against virus disease symptoms.Virtually no farmers in any of the three countries indicated that they had deliberately selected virus-resistant chili varieties. Similar to the case of tomato, Thai chili farmers protected themselves better while spraying pesticides than did chili farmers in Vietnam or Tamil Nadu.