Managerial Participation.
This included some administrative level decisions about the implementation of instructional practices but to qualify as managerial participation there had be more emphasis on long term goals and vision (Dee et al., 2006; Somech & Bogler, 2002). Participants in managerial decisions are also asked for input in the hiring of staff, the formulation of budgets that allocate resources to programs, and in the evaluation of teachers (Somech & Bogler).