ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
BP is often more markedly elevated in patients with
ICH when compared with AIS and is more likely to
remain elevated for several days after the initial
event [44]. A SBP greater than 140–150mmHg has
been correlated with increased morbidity and
mortality in ICH, possibly related to hematoma
expansion, rebleeding, and elevated intracranial
pressure. In contrast to AIS, SBP less than 140mmHg
has not been consistently associated with poor outcome
despite theoretical concerns that hypotension
may decrease regional blood flow to compromised
tissue surrounding the hematoma [44].
Similar to the controversy surrounding the
optimal hemodynamic management in AIS, little
data are available to guide current practice in ICH.
Current guidelines recommend targeting a MAP less
than 130 or SBP less than 180 while maintaining
a cerebral perfusion pressure between 60 and
80mmHg [44]. Little data exist to guide the use of
specific agents to achieve hemodynamic goals [44].
Two recent large studies have supported the
safety and feasibility of early BP reduction in ICH.
The Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute
Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT) was a
randomized controlled pilot study in which patients
presenting with ICH within the first 6h of symptom
onset were randomized to intensive BP lowering to
SBP less than 140 or to standard BP management to
SBP less than 180. Patients in the intensive group
reached a lower BP within the predefined time frame
with no increased risk of adverse events. In addition,
these patients experienced reduced hematoma
expansion and similar mortality and disability
[45]. A second phase of the trial (INTERACT 2),
which will focus on the effects of intensive BP lowering
on important clinical outcomes including
death and disability, is underway [46&]. Similarly,
the Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral
Hemorrhage (ATACH) study, which utilized nicardipine
in escalating doses to achieve three levels of
BP reduction within the first 6 h, confirmed the
safety and feasibility of early SBP reduction [47]. A
follow-up study (ATACH II) to determine the effect
of intensive BP lowering within the first 3h of
symptom onset on death and disability, hematoma
expansion, and other clinical indicators is underway
[48&]. These and other ongoing trials will provide
important information about the feasibility and
benefits of early BP reduction following acute
hemorrhagic stroke.
ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC STROKEBP is often more markedly elevated in patients withICH when compared with AIS and is more likely toremain elevated for several days after the initialevent [44]. A SBP greater than 140–150mmHg hasbeen correlated with increased morbidity andmortality in ICH, possibly related to hematomaexpansion, rebleeding, and elevated intracranialpressure. In contrast to AIS, SBP less than 140mmHghas not been consistently associated with poor outcomedespite theoretical concerns that hypotensionmay decrease regional blood flow to compromisedtissue surrounding the hematoma [44].Similar to the controversy surrounding theoptimal hemodynamic management in AIS, littledata are available to guide current practice in ICH.Current guidelines recommend targeting a MAP lessthan 130 or SBP less than 180 while maintaininga cerebral perfusion pressure between 60 and80mmHg [44]. Little data exist to guide the use ofspecific agents to achieve hemodynamic goals [44].Two recent large studies have supported thesafety and feasibility of early BP reduction in ICH.The Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in AcuteCerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT) was arandomized controlled pilot study in which patientspresenting with ICH within the first 6h of symptomonset were randomized to intensive BP lowering toSBP less than 140 or to standard BP management toSBP less than 180. Patients in the intensive groupreached a lower BP within the predefined time framewith no increased risk of adverse events. In addition,these patients experienced reduced hematomaexpansion and similar mortality and disability[45]. A second phase of the trial (INTERACT 2),which will focus on the effects of intensive BP loweringon important clinical outcomes includingdeath and disability, is underway [46&]. Similarly,the Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute CerebralHemorrhage (ATACH) study, which utilized nicardipinein escalating doses to achieve three levels ofBP reduction within the first 6 h, confirmed thesafety and feasibility of early SBP reduction [47]. Afollow-up study (ATACH II) to determine the effectof intensive BP lowering within the first 3h ofsymptom onset on death and disability, hematomaexpansion, and other clinical indicators is underway[48&]. These and other ongoing trials will provideimportant information about the feasibility andbenefits of early BP reduction following acutehemorrhagic stroke.
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