2. Methodology
The respondents were selected through simple random sampling method. To gather the information regarding the
household consumption level, this research used the expenditure approach because there was no available data for
household income level in Indonesia. The questionnaires were based on the basic needs triangle by Abraham
Maslow and the consumer behavior theory (the internal and external factors). The variables and the sub-variables
are: (a) motivation, including the needs value and the usage value; and (b) lifestyle, including the influence by others
and advertisement. We used the Likert scale (options 1-5). We asked about the demographic, economic, socioculture,
and environmental aspects. An in-depth interview was conducted at the four areas at Duren Sawit District
that already applied the 3R principle (based on the Sanitation Department Report, 2009). To get the data for the
statistical analyses using Spearman’s Rho Correlation, this research used Slovin formula (100 KK) and 8 KK at the
3R-applied areas. The housing area was divided into two categories: unorganized and organized housing areas. It is
related to the social interaction among people, the product information among them, and waste management system.
Table 1 shows the housing areas criteria.
For people in the unorganized housing area, their houses are relatively small and they are close with each other in
the neighborhood. During the social interaction, they talk about new products (food and non-food). It becomes
informal advertisement media. Because the area is packed, they do not have any trash bin. They put their trash in a
plastic bag (they hang it up in front of their front door), and the sanitation officer will carry their waste bag using a
wheeled cart. In the organized housing area, the sanitation officer uses a motor vehicle to carry the waste every other
day.