psychological empowerment as a type of motivation and identified by four cognitions that
enhanced follower intrinsic task motivation. The first cognition is meaning. Meaning is defined
as the value or purpose of work judged by the follower in relation to their personal values.
Second is competence, or self-efficacy. Competence was related to the follower’s perception of
their ability to perform their assigned tasks. The third cognition is self-determination, or the
follower’s sense of having choice in initiating or regulating actions. The last is impact,
explained as the degree to which a follower can influence outcomes (Thomas & Velthouse,
1990; Spreitzer, 1995).