Resourcing-related variables
Resourcing is one of the basic factors that explains HRD (Kuchinke, 2003). However, although recruitment and selection activities search for desired skills of employees, emphasis should also be given on characteristics of individuals that may create cooperation and cultural fit (Williams, 2001). For the development of the resourcing construct we used four items referring to recruitment, selection, separation, and flexible work arrangements (Katou & Budhwar, 2007). These items were measured on a scale ranging from 1 = not at all effective to 5 = highly effective. For example, the exact wording for the recruitment item is, “In your opinion, how effective is your recruitment process?” and for the selection item is, “In your opinion, how effective is your selection process?”