Iversen & Tunmer list the five stages for developing word recognition which were proposed by Spencer and Hay:
i) glance and guess; ii) sophisticated guessing; iii) simple phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences (e.g. letter sounding out); iv) recognition of analogy (recognition of word patterns within a word, such as and in sand); v) later word recognition, involving compound words and syllabification (e.g. recognising playground as play plus ground). (Spencer & Hay, 1998, p. 223)