Urban population growth and rapid urbanization have generated an increasing freight transportation demand
within cities. These phenomena cause environmental and mobility problems linked to air pollution and traffic
congestion (Browne et al., 2012; Benjelloun & Crainic, 2008). In recent years, researches and institutional
authorities have focused their efforts on City Logistics issues (CL). CL vision suggests a more integrated logistics
system, where shippers, carriers, and movements are coordinated, and the freight of different customers and carriers
is consolidated into the same “green” vehicles.
To reduce environmental impact of urban freight distribution, City logistics studies aim at identifying alternative
and collaborative network designs, such as the introduction of City Distribution Centers and hub-satellite systems