For COHEN (2015), the digital revolution will hardly sustain productivity growth, as evidenced by the steady or even declining growth rates of industrialised countries over the last three decades despite rapid and widespread ICT adoption. Furthermore digital technologies are shifting employment towards either high or low skilled tasks that cannot be replaced by software while occupations characterised by routine, repeated tasks are at risk of being replaced by technology. As a result, in a context of weak productivity growth, a continued trend of middle-skilled job displacement is likely