There is evidence that matrix features similar in structure to breeding habitat patches increase species movement. The evidence base is broad and heterogeneous. The overall strength of the evidence is fairly low, which may be at least partly accounted for by the variability in individual species’ responses to landscape features, and also by the relative infrequency of dispersal events. Some of the most abundant evidence was for the relative importance of linear features to movement. The evidence supports assumptions made in a range of modelling studies (described in Watts et al., 2005).
For those involved in designing and planning landscapes, it is worth considering whether the design should account for many species or only a small number of protected or priority species. Population size can be increased by improving, buffering and extending existing habitat patches or creating new ones (Watts et al., 2005). Our review suggests that for a range of species, a variety of linear features with similar vegetation structures to the habitat patches should be created or maintained, in order to increase movement rates between those patches. This review has therefore supported many of the types of actions already used in practice, such as maintaining shelterbelts between woodlands, or creating wide grassy rides through plantations in heathland areas. However, if the focus is on a few species, the existing literature should be searched specifically for relevant information on likely responses to landscape action. Current research projects should continue to fill the evidence gaps highlighted by this review.
Acknowledgments