has already demonstrated the power of cross-species comparisons in constructing phylogenetic relationships and connecting gene evolution with environmental selection pressure, yet the function of the Adhr is still unknown, despite Adh being one of the best studied Drosophila genes (Betran and Ashburner 2000; Oppentacht et al. 2002; Matzkin and Eanes 2003; Tamura et al. 2004).