physiological characteristics, and microbial
diversity. The results indicated that the planting density significantly influenced root traits, photosynthesis,
radial oxygen loss (ROL), dissolved oxygen (DO), and microbial diversity of water hyacinths. The
root porosity, root diameter and root chlorophyll of PRWH were higher than those of CWH, and CWH
had higher chlorophyll and Pn in leaves.