The formal Maoist administrative system borrowed heavily from that of the Soviet Union, although it also drew inspiration from China's imperial past, the GMD, and the base-area experiences.
China's formal alliance with the Soviet Union was forced by the Cold War tensions of 1949, which allowed no room or a neutral stance between the two postwar superpowers; in addition, China's ideological perspective was naturally more sympathetic to that of the Soviets.
The Soviet Union had devised the means to use state controls to produce an industrial base rapidly, and the Chinese were anxious to learn how to do this themselves.
Stalin, for his part, stronglt urged his allies to follow the Soviet model of rule as closely as possible.