Altogether 218 frozen semen AI doses, prepared between 1980 and 1989 and also between 2003 and 2005 from 18 AI Thai
swamp buffalo sires, were examined to determine whether seasonality affects post-thaw viability, as plasma membrane integrity
(PMI, using SYBR-14/PI), plasma membrane stability (PMS, using Annexin-V/PI), or motility (Mot, using CASA). A thermoresistance
test (38 8C for 60 min) was used to further analyze sperm survivability in vitro. All variables were compared over 3
seasons of the year (rainy: July–October; winter: November–February; and summer: March–June), with distinct ambient
temperature and humidity. PMI (% of alive spermatozoa) was higher in winter (54.6%, P < 0.001) than in the rainy (43.5%)
or summer (46.7%) seasons. Outcomes of PMS (Annexin-V/PI assay) confirmed those of PMI, the highest PMS in spermatozoa
processed in winter (55.7%, P < 0.001). Spermatozoa depicting linear Mot post-thaw ranged from 48.2% to 48.8% across seasons
(ns), proportions that decreased during incubation (33.5–37.9%), albeit without seasonal differences. The mean percentages of
straight linear velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), or curvilinear velocity (VCL) were higher (P < 0.05–0.001) in the rainy
season than in winter or summer, while average lateral head displacement (ALH) was higher (P < 0.05) in summer, differences
maintained after incubation. In conclusion, post-thaw PMS and PMI, assessed by flow cytometry, were significantly better in sperm
samples processed during winter than in samples processed during the other seasons of the year, a seasonal difference not picked up
by CASA, probably due to the larger number of spermatozoa assessed.
# 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Altogether 218 frozen semen AI doses, prepared between 1980 and 1989 and also between 2003 and 2005 from 18 AI Thaiswamp buffalo sires, were examined to determine whether seasonality affects post-thaw viability, as plasma membrane integrity(PMI, using SYBR-14/PI), plasma membrane stability (PMS, using Annexin-V/PI), or motility (Mot, using CASA). A thermoresistancetest (38 8C for 60 min) was used to further analyze sperm survivability in vitro. All variables were compared over 3seasons of the year (rainy: July–October; winter: November–February; and summer: March–June), with distinct ambienttemperature and humidity. PMI (% of alive spermatozoa) was higher in winter (54.6%, P < 0.001) than in the rainy (43.5%)or summer (46.7%) seasons. Outcomes of PMS (Annexin-V/PI assay) confirmed those of PMI, the highest PMS in spermatozoaprocessed in winter (55.7%, P < 0.001). Spermatozoa depicting linear Mot post-thaw ranged from 48.2% to 48.8% across seasons(ns), proportions that decreased during incubation (33.5–37.9%), albeit without seasonal differences. The mean percentages ofstraight linear velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), or curvilinear velocity (VCL) were higher (P < 0.05–0.001) in the rainyseason than in winter or summer, while average lateral head displacement (ALH) was higher (P < 0.05) in summer, differencesmaintained after incubation. In conclusion, post-thaw PMS and PMI, assessed by flow cytometry, were significantly better in spermsamples processed during winter than in samples processed during the other seasons of the year, a seasonal difference not picked up
by CASA, probably due to the larger number of spermatozoa assessed.
# 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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