It can be assumed that these qualities will have direct consequences for L3 grammar acquisition; however, the number of studies conducted in relation to GLS in learning L3 grammar has been severely limited so far. The few examples of such studies include Nayak et al.’s (1990) study, in which multilinguals outperformed bilinguals on learning grammar rules due to “their superior ability to shift strategies and restructure their internal representations of the linguistic system” (p. 242). In Psaltou-Joycey and Kantaridou’s (2009) investigation, trilinguals used more strategies and used them more frequently than bilingual learners, and Kemp’s (2007) study revealed a correlation between the number of languages known and the number and frequency of GLS used. All of these studies thus indicated that learners with a knowledge of three or more languages tended to use their experience to find effective ways of learning.