In all sets of experiments, mother vinegar @ 5% (v/v)
was added at the start of fermentation before passing the
fermented ethanol through the carrier materials adsorbed
with cells of A. aceti NRRL 746. Alongside, fermentation
by free cells (as control) was also carried out whereby
7% (v/v) cane alcohol was inoculated with a 5% (v/v)
36 h old culture of A. aceti NRRL 746 and a 5% (v/v) of
mother vinegar in 400 mL cane alcohol at 30°C.