A strain gauge normally consists of two strain elements mounted at right
angles to each other and in close proximity, so that they are both at the same
temperature. See Fig. 12.11a. The gauge is mounted on the diaphragm with one
gauge in line with the direction of maximum strain for strain measurement and
the other perpendicular to the line of strain, so that it will not sense the strain,
and is used to provide temperature compensation and signal conditioning for
the strain gauge element when used in a bridge circuit.