Simultaneously, efficiency is one of the terms interpreted in an ambiguous and multi-aspect manner, depending on the subject of a study. The multitude of analytical dimensions of this term results in the fact that, apart from economic efficiency being the basic study area, other dimensions perceived as an added value by different groups of supply chain participants become more and more important.The objective of this paper is to attempt to explain the problem of supply chain management efficiency in the context of general theoretical considerations relating to supply chain management. The authors have also highlighted the practical implications of efficiency in a process perspective by giving examples of efficiency measurements in relation to certain logistics processes within supply chains.