In comparing the results from the categorization task and from the perceptual mapping task, the packaging listed in the same groups appeared to be quite similar for only two impressions (Figure 9). The criteria of the perceptual mapping task described by the consumers were different than the researcher had taken into account for the categorizing task. The results of the categorizing task were strongly dependent on the predefined attributes selected for the study. For example, the researcher had not taken into account ‘negative’ impressions such as ‘cheap’ in the impression list. During the perceptual mapping task, participants judged some of the packaging as cheap. The predefined impressions of the categorization task may reflect more how marketers and designers perceive products appearance and not how consumers perceive it