The first three dimensions (i.e., fair treatment, power sharing, and role clarification) reflect the concept of ethical leadership by Brown et al. (2005), where fair treatment refers to ethical leaders acting with integrity and treating others fairly and not practicing favoritism, or avoiding responsibility for their actions. Power sharing refers to ethical leaders allowing followers to have a role in the decision making and listening to their opinions and concerns. Role clarification requires ethical leaders to be transparent and engage in open communication to clarify on responsibilities, expectations, and performance roles. Kalshoven et al. (2011) defined additional ethical leader behaviors, which include people orientation, as leaders genuinely exhibiting care, respect, and support to followers and ensuring that their needs are met. Integrity is demonstrated by leaders fulfilling their promises (i.e., word-deed alignment) and being consistent in their behavior. Ethical guidance refers to the manner by which leaders communicate about ethics, explain ethical rules, and promote and reward ethical conduct among employees. Lastly, concern for sustainability is about environmental orientation that encompasses how leaders pay attention to sustainability issues, ensure the development of other members in the environment, consider the effect of their actions beyond their self-interest and the scope of their own workgroup, and demonstrate care about the welfare of the society.