Influential theoretical and historical writings contributed as strongly as the artifacts themselves to a change in taste. Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768, 48.141), German archaeologist and philosopher, emphasized the supremacy of Greek art. His major work, Gedanken über die Nachahmung der griechischen Werke in der Malerei und Bildhauerkunst (Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks, 1755), extolled the beauty of the Apollo Belvedere in particular. Rejecting the notion that art imitates life, Winckelmann taught that qualities superior to nature are found in Greek art, specifically, "ideal beauties, brain-born images." Such transcendent works, he explained, went beyond mere verisimilitude to capture "a more beauteous and more perfect nature." The concept of ideal forms descended from Platonic texts and had been the theme of commentators since the Renaissance, but Winckelmann's proselytizing won new adherents. "The most eminent characteristic of Greek works," he wrote, "is a noble simplicity and sedate grandeur in gesture and expression. As the bottom of the sea lies peaceful beneath a foaming surface, a great soul lies sedate beneath the strife of passions in Greek figures.
Influential theoretical and historical writings contributed as strongly as the artifacts themselves to a change in taste. Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768, 48.141), German archaeologist and philosopher, emphasized the supremacy of Greek art. His major work, Gedanken über die Nachahmung der griechischen Werke in der Malerei und Bildhauerkunst (Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks, 1755), extolled the beauty of the Apollo Belvedere in particular. Rejecting the notion that art imitates life, Winckelmann taught that qualities superior to nature are found in Greek art, specifically, "ideal beauties, brain-born images." Such transcendent works, he explained, went beyond mere verisimilitude to capture "a more beauteous and more perfect nature." The concept of ideal forms descended from Platonic texts and had been the theme of commentators since the Renaissance, but Winckelmann's proselytizing won new adherents. "The most eminent characteristic of Greek works," he wrote, "is a noble simplicity and sedate grandeur in gesture and expression. As the bottom of the sea lies peaceful beneath a foaming surface, a great soul lies sedate beneath the strife of passions in Greek figures.
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