Figure 4 illustrates the basic component of the nanophotonic interconnect, which consists of a laser source, waveguides carrying light injected by the laser source, and micro-rings to modulate and detect optical signals. With dense-wavelengthdivision-multiplexing (DWDM), up to 128 wavelengths can be generated and carried by the waveguides, which increases the bandwidth density to over 320Gb/s/um. Micro-rings can be electrically tuned into resonance (the on state) and remove light from waveguides; or out of resonance (the off state) and let light pass by unaffected. This mechanism is leveraged to modulate light into on-off signals. Doping Ge in a micro-ring turns it into a optical detector. When the doped micro-ring is turned on, it removes light from the waveguide and converts optical signals to electrical ones. Detecting is destructive which means if a detector is turned on then downstream detectors will not be able to detect light. A splitter is used to direct a fraction of light power to another waveguide without affecting modulated signals. It is needed to implement broadcast in nanophotonic links.