3. Thermodynamic analysis of catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
CO2 is a highly oxidized, thermodynamically stable compound having low reactivity. To activate CO2, it is necessary to
overcome a thermodynamic barrier. Therefore, its chemical
utilization constitutes an important challenge. Today, there
are very few organic syntheses using CO2, e.g., manufacture
of urea (for nitrogen fertilizers and plastics), salicylic acid (a
pharmaceutical ingredient), and polycarbonates (for plastics).
Song (2006)discussed thermodynamic considerations of CO2
conversion and highlighted the necessity of high energy input,
effective reaction conditions and active catalysts for CO2conversion.
The catalytic hydrogenation of CO2to methanol produces
water as a by-product (see Eq.(3)). A third of the H2 is thus
converted to water, which is much higher than that converted
during the commercial production of methanol via synthesis
gas (Mikkelsen et al., 2010). Furthermore, the thermodynamics for methanol production from H2 and CO2 are not as favourable as those for production of methanol from H2 and
CO. For example, the equilibrium yield of methanol from CO2
at 200
◦C is slightly less than 40% whereas the yield from CO
is greater than 80% (Arakawa, 1998).
3. Thermodynamic analysis of catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to methanolCO2 is a highly oxidized, thermodynamically stable compound having low reactivity. To activate CO2, it is necessary toovercome a thermodynamic barrier. Therefore, its chemicalutilization constitutes an important challenge. Today, thereare very few organic syntheses using CO2, e.g., manufactureof urea (for nitrogen fertilizers and plastics), salicylic acid (apharmaceutical ingredient), and polycarbonates (for plastics).Song (2006)discussed thermodynamic considerations of CO2conversion and highlighted the necessity of high energy input,effective reaction conditions and active catalysts for CO2conversion.The catalytic hydrogenation of CO2to methanol produceswater as a by-product (see Eq.(3)). A third of the H2 is thusconverted to water, which is much higher than that convertedduring the commercial production of methanol via synthesisgas (Mikkelsen et al., 2010). Furthermore, the thermodynamics for methanol production from H2 and CO2 are not as favourable as those for production of methanol from H2 andCO. For example, the equilibrium yield of methanol from CO2at 200◦C is slightly less than 40% whereas the yield from COis greater than 80% (Arakawa, 1998).
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