Samples of soil (0.5 g) from the guts and casts of earth- worms in soil planted with Bt or non-Bt corn or in soil amended with biomass of Bt or non-Bt corn, as well as in soils without plants or biomass, were vortexed with 500 ml of extraction buffer (EnviroLogix, Portland, ME), centri- fuged, and the supernatants analyzed by Western blot using Lateral Flow Quickstix (EnviroLogix; detection limit D10 parts 10P9) (Saxena et al., 1999; Saxena and Stotzky, 2000).