Soil pollution used to be a local issue, mostly associated to unsustainable activities such as uncontrolled waste disposal; but during the last decades, it has received wider attention, having becoming a general environmental problem. Soil pollution may result from both intended and unintended activities, covering direct emissions to soil and complex environmental processes resulting in the indirect contamination of soils following emissions to air or water. On-site industrial pollution and inadequate waste management, mining activities, direct intentional applications of materials to soil, and atmospheric deposition are the main sources of soil pollution. Soils offer support for natural ecosystems as well as most human activities; therefore, the consequences of soil pollution, both for human health and the environment, are directly related to the soil uses.