First, active as well as passive engagement activity has an impact on brand loyalty. This finding is in line with Jahn and Kunz (2012),and it makes sense, considering that even visiting without any furter enagement and e.g. only reading posts of other fans can lead to a higher brand loyalty. Second, we find that the brand image is negatively moderated by engagement activity. This means that a higher level of engagement can diminish the predominant link of brand image on brand loyalty. Thus, this result can give managers guidance how to allocate scarce marketing budgets.Instead of investiting into costly image campaigns, managers should foster enagement opportunities for their
customers. This might be achievable at lower cost.