Batch adsorption studies
Batch adsorption studies were carried out using CACSC,
CCSC, ACSC and CAC (Calgon carbon-F-300; Calgon carbon
Inc.).
Batch experiments were conducted at ambient temperature
using the optimum conditions of all factors that influence adsorption
such as adsorbent dose, pH, initial ion concentration,
particle size and agitation time. Wastewater (100 mL) containing
Zn (II) was placed in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and 1.5 g/L
adsorbent was added. The mixture was mechanically agitated at
200 rpm on a reciprocate shaker. The Zn (II) concentration of the
treated wastewater was analyzed at time interval between 0 and
180 min using standard methods recommended for examination
of water and wastewater [27].
The removal efficiency (E) of adsorbent on Zn (II) and distribution
ratio (Kd) were measured as follows